Colonialism and the Struggles of the Black Psyche Essay

The book discolour Skin, White Masks by Frantz Fanon analyzes the psychological damage that colonialism wrought on the colonizer and the colonized. Fanon also bases his analyses on his make experiences, wherein he describes how obscure children develop neuroses that root from their antagonism of their testify skin, because of the media and their daily circumstances The dominant colonial cultureidentifies the pitch- swarthy skin of the Negro with impurity and the Antilleans accept this association and so come to despise themselves (Appiah ix).The source of Black Skin, White Masks is the psychological injury from colonialism, racism, and gender inequality, an injury that impart escape recovery, unless the inkiness psyche conquers its cozy light demons and alienate every that alienates him/her. Fanon writes from the experiences and psychiatric analyses of the fateful skin and the gaberdine masks that bare race don. He describes a fille who is afraid of dreary plurality i t is at this age that the Negro as bedevil and ignorenibal makes his appearance. It is easy to make the connection (Fanon 184).This apprehension for the black skin is also emphasized and criticized in the mental picture How Do You Like Me straight (1988) (fig. 1) by David Hammons. This fourteen-by-sixteen-foot painting shows political leader Jesse Jackson with blond, wavy hair, blue eye, pink cheeks, and vacuous skin. The title is also a song of a popular knocker Kool Moe Dee. This painting drop be interpreted from different perspectives. Barnwell and Buick argue that blanched viewers set up happen upon the painting from their perspective, wherein they be challenged to see with their biases and consider voting for a black man, now that he is whi exed. At the uniform time, the painting asks black viewers whether they would support Jackson if he were white, say Barnwell and Buick. On the other hand, the interpretation of the paintings also changes with the race of the a rtist. Barnwell and Buick explore the changes in meanings of the artwork, if Hammons race is changed from black to white. This painting has been attacked ten black men, who thought that it was racist and insulting, and they used sledgehammers to assail it and take it away from its scaffolding.Barnwell and Buick wonder if the black sort out would have still destroyed the painting, if they knew that the painter was black and that he was merely satirizing the color lines that enslave passels minds. Clearly, total darkness and whiteness release the innermost values and emotions of the people. The reactions can reflect the anger and despair of the subjugated black race. How Do You Like Me Now (1988), as seen by the violent response of almost people, has clearly marred the colonized. Colonialism has injured the black psyche to the extent that violence has been etched into it too. Colonialism has stripped black people of the right to define their identities, by caricaturing their exis tence and purpose in life. Colonialism, like slavery, skews the black peoples right to humanity and power. Violence, however, can regain this loss of power and replace the sense of loss. through violence, the gap between power and powerlessness can be filled again. How Do You Like Me Now (1988) also remarks on the damage of colonization and racism to the colonizer. From the racist white perspective, this blonde man is a person who has greater potential for being a president. If faced with a black person, with black eyes and curly hair, the racist white would be offended with the overarching blackness. It will feel, like Fanons little girl who is afraid of black people, that they are being assaulted.The size of the painting also asserts power. merely since colonial and white America would not consider any immense power from the black people, it is important to wear the white mask. With the black person masked as white, he will be accepted and he will have power. This is the same cri tique of Fanon of colonizers. The colonizers have forgotten that the black people also have their own identities. The whites see no black individuality and power, but except their whiteness. This seeing of whiteness on blackness marks another neurosis from the side of the whites.What is it about their whiteness that they have loved themselves too deeply and too irrationally? Following the analysis of Fanon, having power and asking for too much of it dehumanized the white race of the colonial times. That power is white has been embedded in their mind, an embedding that has been too violently engraved that to exact it also means to aggressively remove a part of them. Thus, the colonized is psychologically damaged too. But as the black people who hammered away How Do You Like Me Now (1988) showed, it is not grateful to be a non-human being.It is not acceptable to be colonized and still feel like a normal human being. There must be catharsis. There must be freedom from all alienation s. The painting Wives of Shango (n. d. ) (fig. 2) by Jeff Donaldson captures the liberation from three fronts- liberation of race, liberation of gender, and liberation from ones own struggles. In this painting, three black women are adorned with bullets and property. The two are not looking natural covering at the viewers, but have superiority in the way their chins are turned up.The middle charr at the back dares to look back at the viewers. But the expression is fierce, and it makes viewers look away. This painting is an image of power. This image breaks away the comparaison that Fanon talks about. Fanon argues that blacks are in the state of comparaison, wherein he is constantly control with self-assertion and the ego ideal (185-186). This preoccupation is about blacks being always dependent on the posture of The Other (Fanon 186). Wives of Shango (n. d. ) is interpreted as the shedding away of this comparaison. It does not have a drop of ledger entry or weakness.The women symbolize the power of their gender and race. They are willing to pay and kill to exert power. They are willing to dominate their personal struggles too, by fixing it through money and blood. But the means of money and violence, on the other hand, can also be interpreted as the product of the white gaze. Is it practical that these women are also still being white, by using the same arsenals of the white race? The white race entered and conquered through violence and money.Are the black people going to fight back with the same kind of brutal force? In doing so, they are being white too. Fanon argues that to be black, black people should also accept their whiteness. Fanon says I am French (179), which includes being part of the white French culture. Fanon argues that the black people could not annihilate the whiteness in them. In the same way, white people can also not demolish the blackness inside them.White and black have mixed already, and this conflux of two races and cultures c annot be ignored. Though the white demon has seeded inferiority complex in the black psyche, Fanon suggests that the way to recovery from the whites subjugation is accepting that which is white in them. The alienation that black people feel is another problem, as it has divided the black psyche into numerous conflicting dimensions. Fanon says That this self-division is a direct result of colonialist subjugation is beyond question (17).The alienation renders unspeakable psychiatric damages as it injects compound, ambiguous, and unsettling results, both internally and externally (Brown-Guillory 35). Fanon recommends a white mask, but not all people can wear it. Wives of Shango (n. d. ) detaches itself from the white mask. It stresses the power of the black psyche that can be hung outside in undecomposed glory. This black psyche might be afraid though, even when it is confident. The women wear symbols of violence and fighting. They know that re-locating their positions in power center s can have drawbacks, and they are prepared with ammunition.Alienation has corrupted the mind completely that fear has been entrenched in the actions and beliefs of the black people. This is where Fanon makes sense. Fear that alienation has created can only be undone through accepting the whiteness. It is also about mending the anger with peace, not with violence. The white mask does not comprise another form of oppression. It symbolizes the feeling of safety and trust with whiteness. It signifies the end of domination of the black, because anytime, that mask can be removed.And fundamentally, it is still a white mask. Fanon makes several strong points. Racism, colonialism, and sexism have maimed the psyche of the white and black people. They are divided within, because of these oppressive experiences. But the blacks can recover from this damage, as long as they can handle wearing the white mask. At the same time, they must remember that the white mask is only a mask. It is importan t for the black people to also find their black identities and revel in the self-regard of wearing it inside and out.

Managerial Economics Chapter 5 and 6 Homework Essay

deviate AA pixilated maximizes turn a usefulness when it equates MRPL = (MR) *(MPL) = MCL MPL= dQ/dL =1 L/ cdTherefore (40)*(1-L/ cd) = 20. The solution is L = two hundred.In turn, Q = 200 (2002/800). The solution is Q = 150.The firms advantage is= PQ (MC)L= ($40) (150) ($20) (200) = $2,000 incite B Price ontogenesis to $50Q = Dresses per weekL= Number of struggle hours per weekQ = L L2/800MCL=$20P= $50A firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR) *(MPL) = MCL MPL= dQ/dL =1 L/400Therefore (50)*(1-L/400) = 20. The solution is L = 240.In turn, Q = 240 (2402/800). The solution is Q = 168.The firms profit is ($40) (168) ($20) (240) = $1,920Optimal output of the firm would amplify from 150 to 168, and labor would accession from 200 to 240, resulting in a decrease in profit to $1,920. Part B inflation in labor and output priceAssuming a 10% ontogenesis IN LABOR COST AND OUTPUT PRICEQ = Dresses per weekL= Number of labor hours per weekQ = L L2/800MCL=$20.20 (20*.10 )P= $40.40 ($40*.10)A firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR) *(MPL) = MCL MPL= dQ/dL =1 L/400Therefore (40.40)*(1-L/400) = 20.20. The solution is L = 200. In turn, Q = 200 (2002/800). The solution is Q = 150.The firms profit is ($40.40) (150) ($20.20) (200) = $2,020 Optimal output of the firm would remain the same at 150, and labor would remain the same at 200, however, there would be an increase in profit to $2,020 to correspond to the percentage increase in output price and labor personify (in this example 10%). Part C 25% increase in MPLThe marginal cost of labor would increase by the same percentage amount as price (25%), therefore the Marginal address of labor would increase from 20 to 25. Therefore 50 L/8 =25 and L=200Output and hours of labor remain unchanged due to the fact that price and cost of labor increase by same percentage amounts ALSO SEE PART B ABOVE INFLATION exercising I MADE DENOTING 10 PERCENT INCREASE IN LABOR AND OUTPUT. Chapter 5 Question 12 pageboy 220Part AQ = 100(1.01).5(1).4 = 100.50. Compare this to the original of Q=100 and we can determine that Output increases by .5%. The power coefficient measures the elasticity of the output with respect to the input. A 1% increase in labor buzz offs a (.5)(1) = .5% increase in output.Part BDr. Ghosh- per my e-mail I was a bit confused with this distrust based on your lecture notes (as your notes state that some(prenominal) inputs must change for a returns to overcome to be determined) , so I have two different opinions. Opinion 1- The nature of returns to scale in return depends on the sum of the exponents, +. Decreasing returns exist if + 1. The sum of the power coefficients is .5 + .4 1, the production function exhibits decreasing returns to scale where output increases in a smaller proportion than input. This is reflected in Part A of this problem where a 1% increase in labor (input) results in a .5% increase in output. Opinion 2- BOTHinputs must be changed in the same proportion (according to your lecture notes). Therefore, in this question I am confused. Only one of the inputs are being changed. Does this concept not apply, and is my original answer in settle? I dont see any scale where only one of the inputs are changedAs such, if both(prenominal) inputs MUST be changed then returns to scale can not be determined for this question as only L was originally changed. Chapter 6 Question 6 Part B Page 265 (part A not required)Demand is P = 48 Q/200 bes are C = 60,000 + .0025Q2.Therefore the TR= 48Q-Q2/200, and the derived function MR function would be MR = 48 Q/100. The firm maximizes profit by setting MR = MC. Therefore, MR = 48 Q/100 and MC = .005Q. Setting MR = MC (48 Q/100) = .005Q results in Q* = 3,200. In turn, P* = $32 (where 48-3200/200). Chapter 6 Question 8 Page 265CE= 250,000 +1,000Q + 5Q2$2,000= Cost of Frames and assemblyP= 10,000-30QPart AMarginal Cost of producing an additional locomotive engineCE = 250,000 +1,000Q +5Q2MCE = d/dQ (250,000 +1,000Q + 5Q2)=10Q + 1,000MCCycle=MCEngine +MCframes and assembly thereforeMCCylce = 1,000+ 2,000 +10QThe inverse demand function provided in the text was P= 10,000-30Q TR = (P)*(Q)= (10,000-30Q)*Q=10,000Q 30Q2Obtain the derivative of this function to find MRMR=d/dQ=(10,000Q 30Q2)MR=10,000 60QMR = MC10,000 60Q = 1,000 + 2,000 +10Q7,000 = 70QQ=100 (profit maximizing output)P= 10,000 30Q=10,000 -30(100) clear Maximizing Price=7,000Therefore the Marginal Cost of producing an engine=1,000 + 10Q (q=100 from solving above)=2,000 MCEngineMarginal Cost of Producing a CycleFrom correspond developed aboveMCCycle = 1,000 +2,000 +10Q=1,000 +2,000 + 10(100)=$4,000 MCCyclePart BSince the firm can produce engines at a Marginal Cost of $2,000, the opportunity to buy from another firm at a greatly reduced Marginal Cost of $1,400 would be sensible. MCEngine=$1,400MR = MC10,000 60Q = 2,000 +1,40010,000- 60Q = 3400Q=110 (profit maximizing output)P = 10,000 30(110)=6,700 profit maximizing priceTherefore the firm should buy the engine since the engine produced by the firm is much than the engine provided by the other firm. Chapter 6 Question 10 Page 266Part A taxation is P*Q.Obtain Marginal Cost function throughclx + 16Q + 0.1Q2FOC (derivative of above equation)16 + 0.2Q= MCFrom the P= 96 .4Q we can determine that total revenue = 96Q .4Q2 and the derivative or FOC is thus 96 .8Q= MRSet MC = MR16 + 0.2Q = 96 0.8QQ=80We solve for P by plugging this into our original equationP= 96-.4(80)P=64Profit = 5,120 (80*64) 2,080 (160 + 16*80 + .1(80)2) = $3,040Part BC =160 + 16Q + .1Q2AC= (160+16Q+.1Q2)/QMC=d/dQ(160 + 16Q + .1Q2)MC=16 + .2QAC=MC160/Q + 16 + .1Q = 16 + .2Q160/Q = .1Q.1Q2 =160Q= 40Average cost of production is minimized at 40 units, she is correct as AC = MC (see below). AC = 960/40 =24MC = 16 + (.2) ($40) = $24However, optimal output is Q=80 where MR = MC, therefore her second claim of 40 units as the firms profit maximizing level of output is in correct. P =96 .4 (40)P=$80TR = 80*40 =3,200C = 160 + 16Q + .1Q2=960Profit = Revenue Cost = 3,200 960 = 2,240 therefore output at 80 is greater than the profit at 40. Part CWe learned from part a the single plant cost is $2,080 or (160 + 16*80 + .1(80)2). If two plants were open each producing the minimum level of output detailed in part B (Q=40) then total cost would be (Q)*(AC) = 24*80 = $1,920. You can compare this to the cost in part A of $2,080 and determine it is cheaper to produce using the two plants.

Religious and Ethnic Groups Essay

Buddhism is a religious sort as depicted from the domains history that began in the 6th century BCE, in todays Northern India. Buddhism was founded by a wealthy military personnel of Indian dysentery called Siddhartha Gautama. Siddhartha Gautamas main concern was to teach the great unwashed how to realize great spiritual development. These teachings way on aras like tradition/customs, beliefs, ethics, meditation and philosophy and making people more enlightened Buddha promoter to awaken. To the religious group boast of a huge sticking of about 300million across the world including 0.7 percent of U. S. As religious composition based on U. Ss Census Bureau Document (Seager, 2012). Buddhism is a religious group that differs broadly from different groups in the States. The expiration is eminent in the way they carry out various formula. Some examples are worship, beliefs, culture, doctrines, and in some separate routine practices. Buddhism, unlike other religious groups, belie ves in the existence of only one Supreme being God. In contrast to most groups, Buddhism spirituality is of personal discipline rather than faith in God.A lot of differences may be present when attempting to draw a comparison in the midst of Buddhism and the other religious groups in America. Buddhistics Experience in America Buddhism has received its fair deal of conglomerate reception from other religious avenue. Some people take a shit good perception and understand their teachings seek to uphold good morals and values. Buddhism too seeks a harmonious co-existence with other people in union take down if they are not practicing the same religion.Others confound perceived them as having a bizarre pile deeming its operation as being mysterious. Buddhism is unique in conducting their routine religious practices and beliefs. Some religious groups have upheld Buddhism, not as a religion but merely a philosophy (Seager, 2012). They have even incorporated some practices like m editation as an art of realization physical and emotional nearly being as yoga in pursuit of reliving off stress. They have also sorted in some Buddhism cultural element and used them to perfect their own religions.Contribution and Discrimination of Buddhism Historically in Ameri sewer culture Buddhism has contributed adversely in development of Americas culture. Many Buddhists doctrine and nonchalant routine practices are borrowed and used to blend Americas culture. Example of such practice teachings of how people perceive life and attitude, changed Buddhism has mentored Great Americas scientists and philosophers (Seager, 2012). They borrow ideas from Buddhism teachings. Some of the ways in which Buddhism is salutary in America include stress reduction treatment.In addition, famous movies and songs based on Buddhism, such as Seven Years in Tibet, Little Buddha, The Matrix, and Star Wars, has helped the advertisement industry. Another instance is the headwaiter Card commercial that shows an image of Woman Meditating. There is an increasing number of Americans who visit the Buddhist temples and also practice meditation in privacy. Buddhist Fellowship organization is a very large group that promotes peace, environmental advocacy, and conducts homeless and prison outreach.Buddhism has experienced discrimination minimally compared to other religious groups. Discrimination happens inwardly its own religion and culture primarily against Buddhist women. All Buddhist women are ordained to follow laws and disciplines such as bhikkhunis. However, Buddhist nuns have come together to fight for their rights. The source of this prejudice was because the Buddhist nuns have increased in number and they want to eliminate them from the religion. Buddhism has helped me learn about meditation which can be used in reducing stress and as a way of relaxing. Asiatic ethnical Group The Asian American comprises of a 5% of the American population (Espiritu, 2011). In the new-fang led years, the Asian ethnic group is considered among the fastest growing group in America. The Americans refer to subgroups such as the Chinese, Filipino, Indians, Koreans, Nipponese and Vietnamese. Most Asian Americans were born in America while others have been the immigrants who have settled in America. Asian differs from the other ethnic groups because from history Asians have continued to follow their religions, unlike many other groups.The Asian Americans are known for their diligence, strong family values and their respect for education, authority, and discipline unlike any other ethnic group in America. Asian American Contribution and Discrimination The Asian American has contributed greatly in the formation of American society. These contributions include constructions of railway, joining the military and protecting the Americans. Asians have also contributed in creating internet sites such as youtube and yahoo. The Asians have influenced other areas like fashion, religio n, science and culture.For instance, the kung fu culture of the Chinese is greatly employed in Hollywood while creating action movies. Acts of discrimination towards Asian Americans in America are similar to other minority group. This racial discrimination bars the Asian American from participating in politics (Espiritu, 2011). The reason Asian Americans are discriminated against is Americans consider them foreigners. In conclusion, Buddhism is an Asian practice which the Asian have practiced almost all their lives, but this practice came to be known only in recent years.Discrimination of Asian Americans means that their religion, cultures, and practices are discriminated against. Buddhism is different from Asian Ethnic group because Buddhism is a practice done by the Asian communities. Discrimination should never be practiced in America because America is a multicultural society and the majority of people in America are citizens by birth. References Espiritu, Y. L. (2011). Asian Am erican pan ethnicity Bridging institutions and identities. Philadelphia Temple University Press. Seager, R. H. (2012). Buddhism in America. New York Columbia University Press.

Guanxi, Cultural Antecedents and Trust Building in Chinese Business Research Paper

Guanxi, Cultural Antecedents and Trust Building in Chinese Business Markets - Research root word ExampleThe focus in this paper is on the concept of Guanxi, central to the Chinese society. The literal translations of this margin could mean connections and relationships, but both these translated barriers cannot describe the deeper meaning and implications that it actually stands for.The concept of guanxi is no interminable confined to China and is accepted in the West also. Guanxi has been defined in different ways depending on the various perspectives. The Chinese construct considers guanxi as a very specific personal connection surrounded by two different people. This connection is exemplified by an inherent psychological contract that needs to be followed. The complaisant norms include being committed, maintaining loyalty and ensuring that the relationship is maintained over a long term. Guanxi also has the trace characteristics of trust for the parties involved that is dev eloped through long term interactions, reciprocity and self-disclosure.In literal feel, guanxi means connection. When it comes to relationships, this term either refers to the connection between the parties that are involved, or to the connected parties.There are different stages of guanxi - either alert or non-existent, either good or bad, distant or close, deep or superficial and so on. Guanxi can exist between two or more individuals or even between organizations or different networks.It is also necessary to know that guanxi is function in the different spheres of human life, such as the families, friends, and professional groups, political and business. The term guanxi is used along with different verbs to give it different connotations and meanings. For example, if the phrase pull guanxi is used, thence it means the set of actions that indicate initiating and establishing a connection. Similarly, if the phrases walk guanxi would mean using the established connections to achie ve whatever purpose that needs to be achieved.Similarly, the term has been used in other verb forms such as building, developing, time out etc. According to Gold et al, (2002), guanxi can be described as part of Chinas national character. everywhere the years, Guanxi has played a very important role in the business relationships in China. If the businesses are Guanxi based, then, in that location would be a higher probability to reduce uncertainty, reduce the transaction be, and lower the search costs as trusted suppliers are already known. Guanxi based business relationships also add to strong sense of connectedness (Tung and Worm, 2001). Even while dealing with foreign investors, Guanxi helps in reducing the uncertainty associated with doing business with outsiders. This is because Guanxi helps in establishing informal relationships that can guard against any opportunistic behaviour on

Neoliberal Transition in Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

neoliberal Transition in Latin America - Essay ExampleEconomic integration between countries allow for be examined to see if any neo-liberalism is taking place within the regions of Latin American countries. Discussion includes abbreviation of manufacturing products and those based on renewable resources mainly in relation to regional development in chili con carne and the growth of non-traditional exports and labor markets. The paper first examines the origins and thought processes of neo-liberalism.Neo-liberalism maintains people act according to self-interest and that markets accept the most efficient outcome by free trade balances within liberalized capital markets with minimal administration intervention in the economy. Karl Marx developed the theory that under capitalism, technical and distributional changes tend to follow particular(prenominal) patterns of evolution. This course of changes coalesces the expansion of output, capital, and employment. (Other mitigating fact ors include the rise of labor productivity, the real wage, and the capital-to-labor ratio.) Further in the evolution lies obstruction to sustain the progress of labor productivity without resorting to increased amounts of capital investment. The decline of the profit rate creates the conditions for rotund crises resulting in recessions and unemployment. (These movements and tendencies occur at declining rates of variation (Dumenil & Levy, 2004).Marxist economics is deeply rooted in many Latin countriesand enjoy a strong historical foundation however, with the rise of the Cold fight and the increasing United States hostility towardanything remotely progressive, the left in Latin America was first, mildly, and then bad repressed. The list of casualties includes The Arbenz regime in Guatemala Goulart in Brazil Allende in Chile and democracy in Uruguay and genus Argentina (Noble & Weinstein, 2005).

Should gay marriage be legal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Should audacious marriage be effective - Essay eccentricOne thing, which needs to be considered is that the number of gays living in the United States is very less as compared to the people who like to have relationship with the opposite gender. Therefore, giving freedom to such people to capture relationships with the same gender does not make a big difference. From the perspective of gays, some of the reasons that support gay marriages include strengthening of social concept of marriage, sexual freedom, and freedom of choice.Gay marriage has least lodge in with the morality since it promotes justice, freedom, and equality. If a person wants to spend his life with a person belonging to the same gender, no one should oppose it because every person has the right to do whatever he wants to do as long as his actions do not affect the rights of any other person. Therefore, gay marriages should be held legal because it does not affect the rights of others.Warren, Patrick. Same Sex Co uples Can Avoid Unnecessary Problems By Getting These Documents In Order Now. Ezinearticles.com, 03 Aug. 2011. Web. 23 Sep. 2011.

Supermarket Prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Supermarket Prices - adjudicate ExampleThere are a lot of assumptions about the grocery market in Australia. whiz of the assumptions is that markets like the Coles and Woolworths have large economies of scale and hence they have cheaper products as compared to other supermarkets. It is also argued that divergent states have take issueent market sizes, and costs resulting in different prices across the states. It is also assumed that the prices differ according to the location of the store. Further, managers at ALDI claims that they have different prices in the three states. Answer 1 systemThe null hypothesis is one in which we assume that the difference between the sample means is because of chance. The replace hypothesis supposes that the samples are affected by some non-random clause (Prince, 2000). The Null hypothesis will be the one which assumes that the average price of all the stores is same. The alternate hypothesis will assume that there is portentous difference betwee n the average prices of the 4 supermarkets. Null Hypothesis H0 1 = 2 = 3 = 4Alternate Hypothesis H1 1 2 3 4Where, 1 is the average price at Coles/BI-LO2 is the average price at Woolworths/Safeway3 is the average price at independent stores4 is the average price at ALDIAppropriate TestSince, we are required to compare the means of 4 samples the appropriate test that shall be performed is the one-way ANOVA (Karris, 2003).