Historical Report on Paul Lauterbur

Historical Report on Paul Lauterbur Paul Lauterbur was born right here in Sidney, Ohio in 1929. He attended Case Institute of Technology where he majored in chemistry. After graduating with his Bachelor’s degree, he started working for Dow Corning Corporation in their Mellon Institute Laboratories. While working he took graduate courses at the University of Pittsburgh for free where he later received his PhD degree in 1962. During his studies, he learned about nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).Then he was drafted into the Army from 1954-1955 then left to work at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He realized new images could be made from NMR. Lauterbur’s breakthrough idea was to vary the strength of the magnetic field over the object which in turn emitted various radio waves that could be turned into images . Then he turned to using these variances on clams and green peppers in the beginning. This displayed different types of tissues in the images which lat er was used to distinguish between healthy tissue and tumors. In 2003, he received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.Not only did he have breakthroughs in imaging NMR, but in non-imaging NMR spectroscopy proving a method for the investigation of matter. Paul received many more awards during his life including the Gold Medal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, US National Medal of Technology, US National Medal of Science, and Roentgen Medal. Sources http://nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/lauterbur-cv. html http://nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/lauterbur. html http://www. rsc. org/chemistryworld/issues/2007/May/PaulLauterbur. asp

Observations of Chemical Changes Essay

Objective: This experiment is meant to show how certain chemicals react with each other and can be identified by these reactions Procedure: Several different chemical mixtures were poured into the well plate and observed. These included sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid, bromothymol blue and hydrochloric acid, ammonia and bromothymol blue, hydrochloric acid and blue dye, blue dye and sodium hypochlorite, potassium iodide and lead nitrate, sodium hydroxide and phenolphthalein, hydrochloric acid and phenolphthalein, sodium hydroxide and sliver nitrate, ammonia and silver nitrate, and ammonia and copper (II) sulfate. Some mixtures were also placed in the light or mixed with additional hydrochloric acid or dye. Observation Table: Questions: a.) Silver nitrate could easily be used to test for sodium bicarbonate since it causes the chemical to turn brown. b.) Windex- turns orange with BTB and red with phenolphthalein- base Dish soap- turns yellow with BTB and red with phenolphthalein- base Bleach- turns orange with BTB and purple with phenolphthalein- base Scrubbing Bubbles- turns blue with BTB and gray with phenolphthalein- acid c.) The solution contains no vinegar or a very small amount of vinegar because a pink color indicates a basic solution, and vinegar is and acid. d.) The yellow flavor is more acidic and the blue flavor is more basic. e.) Combining the mixture with potassium iodide could easily test for the presence of lead. If the mixture contained lead, then the potassium iodide would cause the mixture to turn yellow and thick like a solid. Conclusion: Many chemicals will produce obvious physical changes when mixed with other chemicals. These mixtures usually result in a change in color or consistency, which can distinguish them from other chemicals. While certain chemicals may react the same way with on mixture, testing a chemical with multiple mixtures will most likely allow the chemical to be identified.

Employee retention using lessons from motivation theories Essay

Employee retention using lessons from motivation theories - Essay Example The paper tells that as businesses face the challenge of operating in a tough global economy they have been forced to perform painful layoffs while at the same time seek to retain their high-impact performers. One would expect it to be easier to retain staff amidst this period of economic recovery however the paradox is that there is a shortage of people with the requisite talent that companies need to remain competitive in this tough business environment. This means that the few critical employees that each company seeks to retain are also the ones who are attractive to competitors. The challenge therefore remains in retaining these critical staff. The importance of retaining critical staff cannot be gainsaid. When an employee leaves an organisation the organization loses primarily on the knowledge, skill and experience that the individual had developed over time at his/her present occupation. To fully comprehend the importance of maintaining critical employees Ramlall raises three postulations of the human capital theory. To begin with human capital theory posits that people possess skills, experience and knowledge which represent capital to an organization because they enhance productivity. This means that employees are of economic value to organizations. Secondly, the theory posits that not all labour is equal. Some labour is more valuable than others by the mere fact that more resources have been invested in their training. It is therefore important for the organization to ensure that it retains those on whom it has invested more in developing. Thirdly, investment in building skills among employees would be more profitable and more likely to be undertaken the longer the period over which the returns from the investment can accrue (Ramlall, 2004). This implies that an organisation would derive more value out of its staff if it can train them and then retain them for a significant amount of time within which the staff can use their skills, experience and k nowledge to improve the organization’s processes. Employees possess skills, experience and knowledge, and therefore have economic value to organizations. Where employee turnover is high the company fails to realize a full return on its investment in hiring and training staff. This report reviews the classic motivation theories and uses them to explain how organizations could devise techniques that will enable them retain their high-impact employees. 2.0. Work motivation The heart of motivation is to give people what they really want most from work (Mullins, 2010). Motivation can be of

Dry-Dock Investment and Comparison of Europe and Turkey Dissertation

Dry-Dock Investment and Comparison of Europe and Turkey - Dissertation Example .†¦...10 1.3Research Questions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....12 1.4 Objectives..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....13 2.0 Literature Review †¦.........................................................................................14 3.0ResearchMethodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..............20 3.1 Overview of Methodology.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....20 3.2 Procedure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......†¦.............................22 4.0 Presentation of Results †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......†¦.............23 5.0Discussion...........................................................................................................29 6.0Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..34 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦37 Appendices †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....†¦.43 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background It is essential to understand that this research will carry out a comparative analysis of the dry-dock investments in both Europe and Turkey. More significantly, this research deliberates more on the services offered by maritime companies in the shipping sector including provision of dry-dock facilities. As a result, this research will focus also on several factor that companies consider before investing as the research seeks further to evaluate the reason behind variations in investments in both Turkey...This research will carry out a comparative analysis of the dry-dock investments in both Europe and Turkey. More significantly, this research deliberates more on the services offered by maritime companies in the shipping sector including provision of dry-dock facilities. As a result, this research will focus also on several factor that companies consider before investing as the research seeks further to evaluate t he reason behind variations in investments in both Turkey and Europe dry-docking markets. More than that, this research aims to investigate the growth in the maritime industry taking into consideration the increased demand for maritime sea transport as cargo transportation has become more convenient as compared to the other forms of transport including rail, air and road. With the changes in the increasingly competitive maritime sea transport market, because of its accessibility in water, it is essential to take into consideration the several factors that affect dry dock investments in the current market. More so, the demand change for shipping facility has been faced by a drastic increase in the sea transport. More significantly, the main aim of this research based on maritime investments, is to carry out a critical analysis of the level in which Europe and Turkey have invested in dry-dock facilities. More than that, this research also carries out an analysis on dry-dock investment through a thorough comparison between dry-dock business in Europe and Turkey. More so, investment in the port sector remains traditionally viewed as investment by the public sector.

Character Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Character Analysis - Assignment Example Amir has a great friend Hassan and a wealthy father. He greatly adores his father. In his first year of friendship with Hassan, he is joyful about the friendship and values Hassan very much. However, things begin to change and jealousy, cruelty and the power struggle are witnessed. Amir’s mother died while giving birth to him (Hosseini 12). He therefore lives with his father who means everything to him. He comes out as someone who has a great lack in his life because of the death of his mother. He also feels somehow responsible for the death of his mother. As a tribute to her dead mother, he throws himself into writing and poetry. Things start changing for the worse when Amir starts believing that his father also holds him responsible for the death of her mother. Amir starts getting jealous with Hassan because of the attention that Hassan is receiving from his father, Baba. Amir admires Baba very much, but Baba does not seem to have time for him. Lack of ‘manliness’ seem to be the reason for the behavior and attitude of Baba towards Amir. Baba cannot understand how his son cannot stand up for himself. All the tension finally comes to breaking point when Amir wins a Kite –fighting tournament and Baba finally shows him some love (Clapsaddle 3). This does not however end the jealousy and cruelty he bears towards Hassan because of the affection Hassan gets from Baba. Amir shows his disapproval of Hassan by not helping him when he is raped by Assef. He goes ahead to accuse Hassan of theft and this leads to Hassan being thrown out of Baba’s house. When Amir and Baba arrive in the USA, he no longer views his father as legendary father. To him he is now just a normal father. America allows the young man to forget the betrayals and power struggles he had with Hassan in Afghanistan. Amir now starts to take care of his father. He goes ahead to meet a Saroya who he

LAW OF BUSINESS LEASES Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

LAW OF BUSINESS LEASES - Term Paper Example The landlords often have to deal with the tenants who default on the lease or sub lease agreements. It is important that Mr. Ash takes early actions to collect the rent it always follows a very predictable pattern that starts with a series of late payments, that proceeds to paying only part of the rent and finally leading to complete default of the payment of the rent. When the tenants delay in making rent payment just like in the case of XYZ Ltd, Miss Beech and Mr. Cherry, the first option is the person that guaranteed Mr. Cherry payment to be approached Law of (Property Act 1925). This is the best strategy to be used if Mr. Ash needs to preserve the lease and the tenant has sufficient goods in premises that can cover the cost of the rent arrears. The right to rent distress is only available to the owner of the immediate reversion of the lease agreement that will end immediately he or she assign sells or transfer the reversionary interest to another party. The rest distraint involves the landlord seizing the goods that was pledge against the unpaid rent. This is basically a self help remedy that enables the landlord to take the goods of the tenants that are found on the leased premises as some form of security so that the rent arrears can be paid in full. Distress is a right of the landlord that was created under the common law defining the relationship of the tenant and the landlord (commercial credit Corp Ltd v. Harry D. Shields Ltd. (1980), 122 D.L.R. (3rd). It is important to note that the right to distress is the only right under which a landlord is allow ed to hold the goods of his tenants and can be applied upon nonpayment of any amount. The landlord has a right to use the rent distress instruments in case of nonpayment of any amount. According to Wallace v. Fraser (1878), 2 S.C.R. 522, the right of distress can be taken way or limited by the courts in lease if the landlord has forfeited the lease. This is because

Burkes Key Ideas in Shelleys Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Burkes Key Ideas in Shelleys Work - Essay Example Similarly pleasure is something, which can be created from void, which can felt by its own origin or by the serenity of observing and sensing small and delicate joys. Pain can be visualized as it exists from 'nothing' but infinity. That infinity which resides deep inside human soul, and can only be felt by going through different channels of exploration, these channels actually reside within human existence and it is only possible to activate these channels, if one is aware how it feels to investigate things. How to feel fear, how to feel pain, and similarly how to overcome pain with pleasure. This obscurity can be identified in P.B. Shelley's work as it is the human mind, which creates obscurity, which creates and even beautifies its creation, sometimes in small and tiny things, those things that are often assumed as 'meaningless' to the world, might be of great importance to someone's imagination. It is actually what one perceives, how he perceives and in which way he perceives The refore, the vastness lies not in the nature, as a matter of fact the nature is still, possess some kind of serenity, but it lies within the limitations we set to our imagination. To some people nature has its own language, own way of conveying messages. Messages that can be understood not by everyone, but only those who know the way of feeling things, things that bring small joys, small delicacies with small breezes of tranquility. It is the silence of the nature, which can be felt, vastness lies within us, within our perception. Shelley has used the word 'dark' and 'glittering', so the abstract is our imagination, which leads to our approach in identification. It is the imaginative dilemma through which we can judge the degree of obscurity of our human nature. Our nature when compared to the 'landscape' reveals many hidden aspects to us. Like, the natural beauty or we can say the natural landscapes, is austere to human. It entirely depends upon us to how we take perception of it. E ither we feel it obscure, beautiful or we feel a painful experience. If we regard it as beautiful, to what extent we are skeptical about it, and how we are affected physically by the nature of its awesomeness. To Burke the concept of 'sublime' is the most powerful and effective degree of human experience, which can be felt by the natural factors of fear, pain and joy. A particular feeling of passion, which is caused by the sublime, leads human towards darkness or light. These conditions always exist in their true forms; they are pure without any obstacles of external environmental factors. Their purity can be assessed by the fact as to what extent they occupy the mind when they are present in any form. The same influence can be seen in Shelley's 'Mont Blanc' part 2 as 'My own, my human mind, which passively Now renders and receives fast influencings, Holding an unremitting interchange With the clear universe of things around;' -Percy Bysshe Shelley So, the influences when intercept themselves with clarity or obscurity, they have a strong influence on human mind or a strong hold on human mind. That influence can be seen in its highest form in the presence of pain or fear. Pain is more influential than

Pan European Fish Auctions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Pan European Fish Auctions - Case Study Example PEFA's system is an electronically based system that uses client/server architecture, whereby, the suppliers/sellers are connected to the system through the Intranet, while the buyers connect to the system using the internet. Online auctioning has revealed several advantages over the period of time that were just not possible with the conventional on-site auctioning; this is the reason why online auctions are probably the most renowned form of e-commerce in the present day world. On-line auctioning has been a tremendous interactive opportunity for both buyers and sellers, communicating with each other at their respective ease. Some of the advantages to the sellers and the buyers are mentioned as below: 1. One of the major advantages of online auctioning is its allowance to the fishermen, or any seller for that matter, to address a huge and diversified range of customers. Internet reaches the globe, thus anything on the internet is globally accessed, so the reach is beyond the localities. 7. There is lesser cost of selling associated i.e. ... 3. There is immense demand for fishes in the southern part of Europe, while major supply is in the north, so it's an opportunity for the suppliers to meet the customers and directly sell to them. 4. This also gives birth to the phenomenon of disintermediation, whereby, intermediaries are eliminated, again giving birth to increased margins and yet consumer friendly prices. 5. In online bidding, with huge number of buyers, the bidding is quite competitive, with lesser chances of customers forming a cartel or anything of similar sort so the customer is at advantage. 6. The time to the market, often referred to as the Lead time, is reduced, which keeps the fishes fresh in turn increasing its worth and value. 7. There is lesser cost of selling associated i.e. just 0.2%. As mentioned in the case example, the commission of auction house on $93 is $7, which is approximately 7.52%, while in online auction; it would be $0.18 only. 8. There are some small ports that are not able to generate enough value and are often overlooked. Through online auctioning, these ports and their respective sellers also gain access to a competitive market. 9. There is buyer authentication in terms of security deposits. Advantages to Buyers 1. Online auction gives buyers more options to buy from by providing more and more information on what is available at the auction and at which ports. 2. The buyers have access to the bid placement at all times i.e. 24/7, which allows buyers from different time zones to also interact. 3. The lesser transaction cost reduced time for transaction, literally within seconds, attracts buyers more than anything because time is precious. 4. Online Auction

ASEAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

ASEAN - Essay Example ASEAN has made exemplary pursuit in achieving this objective for the South East Asian countries. The achievement of ASEAN in this region is commendable. There are various challenges that this organization faces in maintaining its principle objective of economic strength, peace and security of the region.. In the forthcoming years, it is imperative that ASEAN strengthens its political-security support system due to the increasing threat of international terrorism that may prevail in this region. This is imperative to attain and sustain its primary goal. Association of south East Asian nations or ASEAN consists of the countries from the south East Asian region that work towards mutual economic progress. It can be defined as an organization for cooperation on security and economic concerns. [Mead, ,n. d, 207] The creators of the Association of South East Asian Nations – ASEAN, visualized it as ultimately assembling all the nations of the region and managing them to lend a hand in assuring the peace, permanence and growth of the area. While the area was in a state of turmoil, a lot of nations were under pressure for the existence of the nation or autonomy. First of all the five founding states had planned that ASEAN will be, in keeping with its abbreviation distinctly suggesting a unity of South East Asian countries working together willingly for the mutual betterment. The basic objective of the organization was tranquility, financial, societal and cultural progress, and the perception being: with tranquility in the area, stabi lity will not be far behind that would result in the financial affluence of the population in the area. It was not destined to be a supranational identity, discharging its objectives discretionally of its member nations: It was not to have any regional parliament or authority to frame regulations; devoid of a judicial system and having no authority of executing powers. United

Employees should have an expectation of a right to privacy in the Research Proposal

Employees should have an expectation of a right to privacy in the workplace, e.g. electronic monitoring of computer usage, phone calls, video surveillance should be eliminated or restricted - Research Proposal Example According to Findlaw.com, the employment law entails all rights and commitments within the relationship between the employer and employee. This covers all aspects of the employees whether current employees former employees or job applicants. The law is emphatic on safety of the employee at the workplace in terms of privacy (â€Å"Findlaw.com†). Many employers would argue that monitoring of their employees by camera surveillance, computer monitoring, restriction of phone calls and emails is one way of increasing productivity of a firm, but this is only relative. Too much monitoring and supervision may create a situation where fear is instilled among the employees that their performance is retarded. In addition, employees may not be able to think on their own and bring new ideas, as they would always feel that they are subject to being controlled by their employer (Weckert, 2005). According to Findlaw.com, all employees have essential rights at the workplace, which range from the right to privacy, fair treatment, and liberty from discrimination. Employers would argue that monitoring their employees is not a form of discrimination, but looked at from an ethical point of view it is. For instance, an employer who monitors the use of personal phones or emails by the employees denies them the right to communicate to people outside the workplace. A point to note is that some messages may need to be delivered urgently. If employees are not allowed, receive their calls or the calls are vetted by the employer, this denies the employees their fundamental right to freedom. The right to privacy at the workplace entails freedom of keeping one’s own personal possessions, including bags and brief cases, and lockers which are accessible only by employees (Howard, 2006). Employees also deserve a right to be the only people who access their private emails. If the employer keeps on monitoring an employee’s personal effects such as email, the employees may even

Compare and contrast teachers and administrator Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast teachers and administrator Essay During my interviews I realized that being a teacher or an administrator has its ups and downs to it. The teacher answered her questions as someone who deals and interacts with children every day. The administrator answered his questions as someone who deals with more what’s best for the children with little interaction with them. Knowing what I found out about the two professions I would lean more towards as being a teacher because an administrator has too many responbilieties. There are many things that the teacher and the administrator have in common. First off they both are in education and want to help children grow into adults as the graduate. They both try to help educate the children without offending any religion or beliefs that the children may have. The teacher and the administrator both went to college to get a bachelor and master’s degree in education. They both have the similar reasoning for being in education field. Finally both of them share the love of being around children to help them be the best they can. Teachers and administrator have many things that are different from each other as well. They both have different degrees in education. An administrator has a master’s in business and a teacher has bachelors in science childhood education. The administrator went to college longer than the teacher. The teacher is there to have one on one time with the students if they need to stay for help. The administrator does not really have one on one time with the students they are to help keep students in school and any other problems that might occur. When I interviewed the administrator he was calm and very well spoken and knew a lot about running a school. He did not have any teachers in his family. He got his influence from his college English professor named Body The greatest benefit he has as an administrator is having the joy of knowing that he is helping educate and keeping children safe. The administrator does live in the same community has the children do? Yes, he believes that living around them will help to understand where the children come from and what kind of students they want to become. When I asked the administrator if he would recommend the education profession to others he said it is not for everyone. But the ones who do have what it takes to be teacher or work with children will have compassion towards them and understand what they want. So I asked myself is becoming a teacher still what I want and â€Å"yes† it is. To teach early childhood education is what I am called to do. I also learned during this interviewing process is that this job takes a lot patience, courage, and strength to help reach and teach students. I want to get to know each child as individual and what kind of goals they want for themselves. I want to help them reach it. I get closer to reaching my goal even though it has not been an easy road. I have had tons of support to do this. I would say being in administrator or a teacher is a great career a lot of responsibilities go with each one but at the end of the day it is worth it all.

Attribution Theorists And Biased Judgements

Attribution Theorists And Biased Judgements Social psychologists have studied attribution theories for several decades, and their research has produced many interesting insights. The process of assigning a cause to ones own behaviour, or that of others can be defined as attribution (Hogg, 2005). Considering that attribution is complex, many theories have been constructed to demonstrate its performance. This essay will examine the evidence that biased laypersons judgements of others are inevitable by, first of all, focusing on explaining three classic theories of attribution, then paying particular attention to biases in attribution in order to fully answer the question under investigation. Attribution theory is concerned with how individuals make sense of their environment and how this affects their cognition and behavior (x). There exist three classic views on attribution that continue to be especially influential. The first of these classic theories is Fritz Heiders (1958) theory of naive psychology where the layperson is viewed as a naive scientist who links observable behaviour to unobservable causes. Also Heider made a significant distinction between internal (dispositional) and external (situational) attributions. It was also underlined that individuals look for causes of others behaviours in order to find out their motives and give some sense of control in their lives (Hewstone, 1990). Related to Heiders theory is Jones and Davis (1965) theory of correspondent inference which is concerned with how people use information about others behaviour and its effects in order to find out their underlying dispositions and personality traits. Of particular interest is beha viour that is freely chosen, produces non-common effects (effects produced by a particular cause that could not be produced by any other apparent cause), and is low in social desirability. The last and the best known theory of attribution is Kelleys (1967) covariation model where Kelley believes that people act like scientists when they try to discover the causes of behaviour. People are interested whether others behaviour stems from internal (motives, traits) or external (social, physical world) causes, or both of them at the same time. In order to answer this question, individuals focus on three types of information that can be defined as consistence, distinctiveness and consensus (Baron, Branscombe, Byrne, 2006). Heider (1958), Davis and Jones (1965) together with Kelley (1967) have acknowledged that attribution is subject to many potential sources of bias. It has been noted that a bias occurs if the social perceiver systematically distorts (overestimates or underestimates) a procedure that is known to be correct (Fiske and Taylor, 1984). People constantly use cognitive shortcuts that are called heuristics in order to make attributions. Apart from being not always objectively correct, biases in attribution are entirely satisfactory and adaptive characteristics of everyday social perception (Ross, 1977). In terms of studying how people interpret their social worlds, social psychologists have identified 3 general biases that often affect peoples attributions and explanations. One of the most important of these biases is the fundamental attribution error, that is the tendency to explain others actions as stemming from dispositional causes even when situational causes are at present. Social psychologists have conducted numerous studies to find out the reasons that determine the occurrence of these biases (Robins et al, 1996), though the issue is still to some extent uncertain. One possibility is that when people observe another persons behaviour, they tend to focus on his or her actions and the situational behaviour tends to fade away in the background. Another explanation is that people notice such situational causes but give them insufficient weight in their attributions. An experiment conducted by Amabile, Ross and Steinmetz (2000) illustrates fundamental attribution error. In this experiment they set up a quiz show design in which they randomly assigned participants to one of two roles. First was a questioner whose task it was to prepare difficult questions for a contestant, and second was a contestant whose task it was to answer the questions prepared by the questioner. An observer watched the quiz show and then estimated the questioners and the contestants general knowledge. They found that observers thought that the questioners were far more knowledgeable than the contestants. However, everyone was assigned to conditions randomly, so it was highly unlikely that one group was more clever than the other. The most interesting thing is that observers did know that participants were randomly assigned to their roles, yet they failed to consider the impact of that knowledge in making their judgement. Fundamental attribution error is not limited only to quiz shows, its implications are far more encompassing. For example, peoples common reaction to convicted criminals are that they are terrible human beings and that is why they committed a crime. However, there can be many factors other than personal characteristics that explain why a person commits a crime. These include lack of job opportunities, the lack of positive role models in the family and neighborhood, growing up in a dysfunctional family and many others (Aronson, 2003). In addition to this, Nisbett and Ross (1980) argued that the english language allows easy description of action and actor in the same terms but it gets more complicated when using the same terms in order to describe the situation. For example, it is possible to talk about honest and generous person or honest and generous action but not a honest and generous situation. This demonstrates that linguistic factors have an important role in making attributions. People are certainly unaware of this phenomena beca use this is the way they have been taught from childhood and is something that happens without conscious thought. An equally common bias in social judgement is the actor-observer effect, in other words, the self-other effect that is really an extension of the fundamental attribution error. The actor-observer effect refers to the tendency for people to attribute others behaviour to dispositional factors and their own behaviour to situational factors (Jones Nisbett, 1972). For example, in general, students tend to explain their poor performance in exams in terms of the difficulty of the test items whereas they tend to explain others poor performance in terms of their ability and personality. There exist several explanations for actor-observer effect. Firstly, according to Jones et al (1972), the informational factors are very important as the actors have access to a much wider range of information about the factors leading to their own actions. For example, behaviour that can be expressed in a party. Secondly, actors and observers have different perspectives. The actors attention is usually focus ed on the environment. On the other hand, the observers attention is usually focused on the actor and his or her behaviour rather than the background, which is why the observer may be unaware of why the actor behaved like this. Evidence for this explanation comes from Storms (1972) experiment where he had two subjects engaged in a conversation while two observers watched it, and were instructed to monitor the behaviours of one or the other actors. Results showed that the actors were more likely to explain their behaviour in terms of the situation and the observers in terms of personality dispositions. However, this was not the only thing they found. Storm (1972) also demonstrated that when the participants were shown a video tape of their conversation from the same angle as they saw it, actor-observer bias had occurred. On the contrary, when the video tape was shown from the reverse angle, the actors saw themselves from the observers point of view and tended to attribute their behav iour in terms of dispositional factors. This is a clear example of how biases are inevitable in everyday life. In order to avoid biases, one has to see others point of view but that is not an easy task to accomplish. One more bias can be identified in relation to attributions for success and failure. The self-serving bias refers to a tendency for people to attribute internally and take credit for their successes, the self-enhancing bias, or attribute externally and deny the responsibility for their failures, the self-protecting bias. For instance, gamblers perceive their successes as based on their skill and their failures as unlucky chances (Gilovich, 1983). Kingdom (1967) provided an example of self-serving bias from the political world. He interviewed American politicians five months after the general election and asked them to describe the factors that led to their victories or defeats. Results indicated that the politicians tended to attribute successes to internal factors such as hard work, personality and reputation. On the other hand, they tended to attribute their failures to external factors, for example, lack of money, the familiar name of their opponent and state trends. It is importa nt to understand the reasons why people engage in biases. Miller and Ross (1979) suggested that the self-enhancing bias could be explained in relation to the cognition model. People in general expect to succeed rather than fail and, therefore, are more likely to make self-attributions for expected than unexpected outcomes. For example, couples estimate their contribution to housework differently. Individuals are more likely to keep track of every job they do at home such as dusting or washing the dishes but when it comes to estimating the partners contribution, not all of their work is successfully remembered. This effect could be due to differential attention and memory (Aronson, 2003). However, the cognitive perspective alone cannot explain all the examples of self-serving biases. Another explanation for self-serving biases is that people are motivated to engage themselves in attributions in order to protect their self-esteem (Greenberg, 1982). It is evident from the experiments o f Weary (1999) that self-serving bias increases when the person is highly involved in that particular behaviour and when other people are watching. Self-serving bias occurs when an individuals self is threatened or when that individual has an opportunity to achieve and maintain a positive image of the self. To conclude, people do make judgements very quickly based on minimal information. As it has been demonstrated above, the reasons humans make biases seem varied and complex and different research reflects this (Storm, 1972; Ross et al, 1979; Kingdom, 1967; Amabile et al, 2000; Jones et al, 1972). Every day people try to justify themselves and their behaviour with the help of biases such as fundamental attribution error, actor-observer effect and self-serving bias. By using heuristics, individuals interpret and distort the meaning of their actions and the world around them, and make attributions that are very adaptive but not always correct. The situations people find themselves in, the cues they face and frustrations they may experience, also all appear to have the ability to inflame an aggressive response. Attribution is an important part of human existence and, although much has been achieved to aid the understanding of this behaviour, it is for now still reasonable to conclude that attribution is indeed an inevitable and inescapable part of our lives.

The public policy

The public policy The success of public administrators is intertwined with both their skills and their applied approaches to varying issues. While the capability of addressing problems and concerns are among the determinants of an effective public administrator, the success of his/her endeavors rely on several factors some of which includes the philosophy in elitism, the tactical and strategic use of the bureaucratic processes, the influence of interest groups and a combination of any of the said approaches. Among the approaches that can be applied in public policy is the elitist viewpoint. Elitism is defined as a selective group of individuals which possess unique and distinct personal abilities, intelligence, affluence and influence. Individuals characterized as elitist are perceived to possess particular ideas on issues that hold the most significance ideal. In a public administrators work, the elitist perspective may provide limitations to his/her circle of interests primarily because the elite are among the minorities in a democratic society. Since the introduction of the concept, elitism has been iinterrelated with the concept of democratic concepts. Aristotles view of the democratic concept as a thought that divided political systems into three forms the rule by one, rule by a few and rule by the many, were dismissed by primary elitist theorists Gaetano Mosca and Robert Michels. The theorists also criticized Karl Marx emphasis on the class struggle and the eventual success of the working class will lead to a classless society, arguing that no such society will exist and the struggle will never end. The classical elitist theory possesses several weaknesses. The said theory did not merely argued that the socially recognizable people in a country made its important decisions, it also asserts that the common man regardless of their number does not provide such decisions. While the societys elite is generally perceived as a stable and constant entity, the individuals in office changes thus reflecting the necessity to view the elites as an encompassing term that includes the individuals with the influence over the government and individuals which are in the position to govern. Another approach in public policy is based on the institutional theory. The said theory focuses on the government structure, in particular its formal and legal aspects particularly its structural arrangements, policies on decision making and its legal powers and authority. The institutional theory emphasizes the significance and role of structures and rules in the policy process including the level of influence of policy makers within the process. Public policy can be influenced by a number of institutions. Among these institutions are the national, state and local government, corporations and interest groups. The markets are also an influential entity in public policy as well as foreign political regimes. Institutional approach in public policy provides more complex circumstances because of the formal government structure and the procedural rules and process are used as a means to hinder or empower political interests. Among the cases in which the institutional theory can be applied is the legislation of the Farm Bill of 2002 which indicates the power play within the Senate. The constitution mandates that each state shall have two senators therefore granting a larger voting power for less populous states than the more populous states of New York and California. The third approach in public policy is the Group theory. The theory views the public policy as a result of a continuing struggle among interest groups. Supporters of this theory are often referred to as pluralists. Such individuals believe that interest groups possess a share of power within the country, emphasizing that the power particularly in policy making is pluralistic rather than being controlled by the elites. A practical example of the Group theory is the case of labor unions against the interests of the private sector. Labor unions organizes lobbying campaigns to executive and legislative officials and calls on the general public through formulating and applying advocacy campaign plans. Such efforts is undertaken as a means to ensure the balance of the policy making process. However, there are several existing arguments against the Group theory. The theory has been criticized for undermining the leadership capacity of the public officials and exaggerating the role of interest groups in policy making. Interest groups have often been used by public officials to promote and publicize their own interests while attracting support for policy initiatives. Another approach is the Plurality or Rational Choice Theory which is often referred to as the Public Chose and Formal Theory. The said theory has been applied to questions regarding public policy. A working assumption of the Rational theory is that individuals are rational actors which possess tendencies to maximize their self-interests. Using this theory, analysts study the values of individual, perceptions on a specific issue, information related to the case, as well as expectations on other individuals. Applied in the public policy process, the individuals include the voters, the lobbyists, legislators and government officials. Using the theory, individuals can critically assess and identify motivations of public officials, their interests i.e. re-elections and other personal interests which often translates to their attitude towards public policy. Similar to the previous theories, the Rational Choice Theory contains its set of weaknesses. Critics have argued that in reality, individuals are not single minded creatures which pursue only their self-interests. The theory is also said to provide minimal emphasis on the individuals willingness to engage in collective pursuits i.e. participating in public interest groups or community organizations.

Kupor :: essays research papers

In Texas politics, one of the most important things to understand is the iron triangle. The iron triangle figuratively symbolizes the relationship between interest groups, the bureaucracy, and legislative committees. Each of the three entities is at a corner of the triangle. It is regarded as an accurate representation of the way in which many routine policy decisions are made. The interest group is at the top, the bureaucracy is at the bottom left, and the legislative committee is at the bottom right. Starting at the interest group and going clockwise, the interest group provides the bureaucracy with information and support for agency budget. The bureaucracy provides the legislative committee with information. The legislative committee provides the interest group with legislation. Going counter-clockwise, the interest group provides the legislative committee with campaign contributions and information. The legislative committee provides the bureaucracy with legislation and budget s upport. The bureaucracy provides the interest group with rules and regulations. An example is the interest group being from the oil and gas industry, the bureaucracy is the railroad commission, and any committee. The lobbyists from the oil and gas industry send campaign contributions and information to the committee. Information could be about anything from supply and demand to turnover rates. The committee sends legislation and budget support to the commission, which are money and rules on how to regulate the oil and gas industry. The rules and regulations are then sent up to the interest group from the industry. The other way, the industry lobbyists send information and support to the commission, which sends the information to the committee, which then sends legislation to the industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The process of co-optation is closely related to this iron triangle. Co-optation is defined as the transition from guardian of the public interest to defenders of private interests. This happens for three reasons. First, once a regulatory agency is established, the public tends to lose interest. Second, the regulators tend to come from the industry being regulated, bringing with them the industry’s perspective and bias as opposed to the public interest. Third, regulators have personal relationships with representatives from the industry who are generous to members of the agency. Basically, the regulatory agencies come to represent the interest of the industry they were created to control as opposed to the public interest. The part of the iron triangle where this occurs is where the interest group sends the agency information and support.

Early Judaism: Messianic Claimants/Messianic Expectations Paper

A messiah is a rather ambiguous term. It mainly means an anointed one; usually a messiah is considered to be a son of David and would reestablish Israel to what it once was. Because messiahs are anointed ones they would typically be Jewish priests, prophets and kings. However, a Messiah can also be a warrior, or a man of peace. (CITE) A messiah was to reestablish unity among the Jewish people and navigate through the hardships and oppression that they went through during early Judaism and bring a sense of freedom and relief. An array of messianic claimants came forth during the two peaks of Jewish rebellion, the death of King Herod the Great and the first Jewish war against the Romans. The first search for a messiah started in the sixth century BC when the Jews of Babylonia were exiled, they called for an anointed one that would bring them back to their home. The second time was when Alexander the Great brought down the Achaemenid Empire and left it to his Macedonian generals. The Jews were peaceful and tried to fit in more with the Greeks to avoid confrontation through this time. Ultimately when the Greeks pushed it too far and destroyed the temple the Hasmonean family led a revolt that bought independence back to the Jews. This period is referred to as the Hasmonean Dynasty. In response to this change of priesthood, the Jewish people reorganized themselves into three major philosophies; the Sadducees, the Pharisees, and the Essenes. When the shift went to Roman, the Jews lost their sense of freedom. They were then ruled by King Herod the Great which didn’t improve. Herod the great was a powerful, brutal and ruthless leader, who accomplished a large amount, however under his rule Jewish people were extremely poor and highly taxe... ... army by his side. Simon and his followers were well organized and systematic in their approach. Works Cited http://www.livius.org/men-mh/messiah/messiah_01.html http://www.livius.org/men-mh/messiah/messiah_06.html http://www.livius.org/jo-jz/josephus/josephus.htm http://www.livius.org/ja-jn/jewish_wars/jwar07.html http://www.livius.org/men-mh/messiah/messianic_claimants03.html Anchor Bible – Richard, Horsley Horsley, Richard A. "Menahem In Jerusalem : A Brief Messianic Episode Among The Sicarii--Not "Zealot Messianism." Novum Testamentum 27.4 (1985): 334-348. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. Stern, Pnina. "Life Of Josephus: The Autobiography Of Flavius Josephus." Journal For The Study Of Judaism In The Persian, Hellenistic And Roman Period 41.1 (2010): 63-93. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. Early Judaism: Messianic Claimants/Messianic Expectations Paper A messiah is a rather ambiguous term. It mainly means an anointed one; usually a messiah is considered to be a son of David and would reestablish Israel to what it once was. Because messiahs are anointed ones they would typically be Jewish priests, prophets and kings. However, a Messiah can also be a warrior, or a man of peace. (CITE) A messiah was to reestablish unity among the Jewish people and navigate through the hardships and oppression that they went through during early Judaism and bring a sense of freedom and relief. An array of messianic claimants came forth during the two peaks of Jewish rebellion, the death of King Herod the Great and the first Jewish war against the Romans. The first search for a messiah started in the sixth century BC when the Jews of Babylonia were exiled, they called for an anointed one that would bring them back to their home. The second time was when Alexander the Great brought down the Achaemenid Empire and left it to his Macedonian generals. The Jews were peaceful and tried to fit in more with the Greeks to avoid confrontation through this time. Ultimately when the Greeks pushed it too far and destroyed the temple the Hasmonean family led a revolt that bought independence back to the Jews. This period is referred to as the Hasmonean Dynasty. In response to this change of priesthood, the Jewish people reorganized themselves into three major philosophies; the Sadducees, the Pharisees, and the Essenes. When the shift went to Roman, the Jews lost their sense of freedom. They were then ruled by King Herod the Great which didn’t improve. Herod the great was a powerful, brutal and ruthless leader, who accomplished a large amount, however under his rule Jewish people were extremely poor and highly taxe... ... army by his side. Simon and his followers were well organized and systematic in their approach. Works Cited http://www.livius.org/men-mh/messiah/messiah_01.html http://www.livius.org/men-mh/messiah/messiah_06.html http://www.livius.org/jo-jz/josephus/josephus.htm http://www.livius.org/ja-jn/jewish_wars/jwar07.html http://www.livius.org/men-mh/messiah/messianic_claimants03.html Anchor Bible – Richard, Horsley Horsley, Richard A. "Menahem In Jerusalem : A Brief Messianic Episode Among The Sicarii--Not "Zealot Messianism." Novum Testamentum 27.4 (1985): 334-348. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. Stern, Pnina. "Life Of Josephus: The Autobiography Of Flavius Josephus." Journal For The Study Of Judaism In The Persian, Hellenistic And Roman Period 41.1 (2010): 63-93. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials. Web. 4 Apr. 2012.

CA.S.T.ing a Light on Talent :: Drama Journalism Acting Essays

CA.S.T.ing a Light on Talent As play auditions got under way in Hillsboro, NH, the director asked Chelsy Starkweather,13, the first and youngest of the night’s auditions, to repeat her monologue, twice. At first, she hid behind a baseball cap and sat on a chair, something most play directors would forbid. But Justin Scarelli, 22, who founded Community Arts as a Stage for Teens (C.A.S.T.), knew how to draw out Starkweather’s confidence. She repeated her monologue, standing and one last time without her baseball cap. After her very last line on her third performance, Scarelli and Chelsy’s peers broke out in applause. The smile on Starkweather’s face proved that, at C.A.S.T., something special is happening. â€Å"This is a great way to let kids have a chance to act and learn to direct because school drama programs can be limiting,† Tom Ellsworth, 17, the student Chair of C.A.S.T. said. That something special was what Scarelli had in mind in the summer of 2004 after he helped direct a documentary about media literacy for Project Genesis, a nonprofit teen center and in Hillsboro. After spending the summer with the teens, he saw their creativity grow; he also noted that their desire to learn more about directing and the arts grew as the weeks went on. By the time the documentary was finished, Scarelli spoke with Deborah Whitaker-Duncklee, a youth counselor who runs Project Genesis, about the possibility of extending the summer media project throughout the year. â€Å"During the summer everyone got to see creativity as something tangible,† Scarelli said. â€Å"We wanted to bring what we were doing into school drama programs.† Scarelli and Whitaker-Duncklee found that schools were not receptive to their ideas, so they decided to start a program through Project Genesis. The only problem was money. After speaking with Peter Brigham, the director of youth services in Hillsboro, Scarelli put together a proposal for his program and began to search for funding. â€Å"I didn’t have any [creative] guidance so I wanted to be able to give that to the kids,† Scarelli said. â€Å"But it’s very hard to get financial support.† As of December 4, 2004, Brigham’s budget for youth services in 2005 is $60,000 with counseling services, or $40,000 without. That money is distributed throughout Hillsboro and nearby Deering, NH, for all youth-oriented programs and is used up rather quickly. While the budget does not assign a specific amount of money to each service provided, this budget ultimately needs outside assistance.

Bradley Manning Responsible For the Largest Intelligence Leak in the History of the United States Essay

Bradley Manning Responsible For the Largest Intelligence Leak in the History of the United States (Your Name Here) UMUC CSIA 301 Bradley Manning may be responsible for the largest intelligence leak in the history of the United States . The U.S. Government alleges that Bradley Manning was responsible for leaking classified intelligence, causing it to be published on the internet which make it available to the enemy. The Government has charged Manning with 22 charges under the Uniformed Code of Military Justice, UCMJ, to include espionage. If convicted, Manning could face confinement for life or the death penalty . In an interview with Frontline, Adrian Lamo, a convicted hacker, states that Manning contacted him via online chat and confessed that he had leaked hundreds of documents to Julian Assange, the editor of a website called WikiLeaks. Type of Breach Bradley Manning is an example of the most dangerous type of enemy, an insider. Insiders pose one of the greatest security threats. The main aspect that makes insiders such a potent threat is the amount of data they have access to . In an interview with Adrian Lamo, Manning boasted about the amount of information he leaked to WikiLeaks. He claimed to have leaked, â€Å"250,000 State Department diplomatic cables and 500,000 classified field reports from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan† . Being charged with espionage, Bradley Manning is one of the most dangerous types of insiders, because the information he leaked potentially put American lives in danger and caused harm to our nation. Bradley Manning was not driven by the same motivation that drives most people who commit crimes such as the ones that Manning has been accused of. Manning was not motivated by financial gain. He claims that he leaked the information because the information needed to be in public view. He has expressed an extreme dislike for the US Army and the way the US Government conducts its self in the global arena. He claims that he could have sold this information to the Chinese or Russians, but instead chose to give it to  WikiLeaks via Julian Assange . How the Breach Occurred The question arises how Bradley Manning gained access to such a large quantity of intelligence. Since September 11, 2001, the 9/11 Commission has changed the way intelligence agencies handle information sharing. Agencies now share raw intelligence with each other, because it is believed that if that policy had been in place earlier then the tragedy on September 11 could have been avoided. Manning had access to the network know as the Secrete Internet Protocol Router Network, or SIPRNet. SIPRNet is where Manning downloaded most of the information he leaked. Manning was an intelligence analyst. His job was information aggregation. He would analyze large amounts of raw intelligence and form it into smaller, more concise reports . This is not what Manning leaked, he leaked raw intelligence. Some of this raw intelligence was uploaded to WikiLeaks via the internet, however the majority of the data was downloaded onto compact disks. Manning recalls one instance to Lamo about downloading data to a disk labeled Lady Gaga. In an online communication with Lamo, Manning wrote, â€Å"No one had ever taken note of him, and no one did now: ‘everyone just sat at their workstations †¦ watching music videos / car chases / buildings exploding †¦ and writing more stuff to CD/DVD’†. In order to download large amounts of raw relevant data, Manning uploaded data mining software. This software allows one to sort or index files on a computer or network. Then a search for key words will select the information based on desired parameters . Lamo suggests this implicates Julian Assange as a coconspirator in espionage with Manning. He claims that Assange gave Manning the parameters for the information that would be the most useful. If it can be proven that WikiLeaks coached or persuaded Manning to steal classified information then everyone involved can be charged with espionage. WikiLeaks operates under the unique model that all sources are unknown to them and the information they are given is unsolicited. If these two conditions are met, WikiLeaks is not guilty of collusion . The Information Security Triad The primary point of damage to the Information Security Triad by Manning is Confidentiality. By downloading raw intelligence from SIPRNet Manning did  not damage the integrity or the availability of the data. This would have been contrary to his goal. Manning planned to release the information. The information would have been useless if it had been altered or made unavailable, and this could have potentially made it easier for him to get caught. He never planned to get caught. Manning was arrested as a direct result of the online chat conversations he had with Lamo, not from the Army discovering what he had been up to. Technological Improvements that Would Help Prevent Recurrence Some technological improvements that could have prevented Manning from stealing classified information would be to disable USB ports through the BIOS and password protect the BIOS. If computers had CD ROMs not burners then it would not be possible to download any information from a network onto a disk using Department of Defense, DOD, computers. It has not been clearly published how Manning was able to upload data mining software on his computer or on the SIPRNet. These points were brought up in a congressional hearing where Senator Collins brought up the point that the intelligence community was already required to have audit capabilities installed by 2007. This could have helped expose the fact that more than a quarter of a million classified documents were downloaded in less than two months. Role-based access to secure systems is also another possible solution. This would mean that all information of a certain clearance level would not be accessible to everyone with that same clearance. Role-based access would be used in conjunction with the mandatory access control that is currently in place. This would have limited the amount of information that Manning would have had access to . The extent of damage Bradley Manning has done to intelligence sharing or US operations overseas cannot be quantified. The effects are too far reaching and still ongoing. Bradley Manning is still being held in prison awaiting trial. Many are calling Manning a whistle-blower. Whistle blowers release specific information of an embarrassing, illegal or negligent nature to right some wrong. Manning potentially put American lives in danger by releasing vast amounts of data from unnamed sources. Manning was operating on the hacker premise that all information should be free. There are people  that protect our freedom and rely on confidentiality of information to stay alive. Manning is not a whistle-blower or a hero as many online publications would suggest. He is a sad case of an individual given to much responsibility; we can only hope our intelligence community moves forward and not backward as a result of Bradley Manning’s actions. Works Cited Affairs, M. P. (2011, March 3). Manning faces more charges for classified leaks. Retrieved from The Official Home Page of the United States Army: http://www.army.mil/article/52773/ Fishman, S. (2011, July 3). Bradley Manning’s Army of One How a lonely, five-foot-two, gender-questioning soldier became a WikiLeaks hero, a traitor to the U.S., and one of the most unusual revolutionaries in American history. Retrieved from New York News & Features: http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/ INFORMATION SHARING IN THE ERA OF WIKILEAKS: BALANCING SECURITY AND COLLABORATION, S. Hrg. 112-219 (ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION March 10, 2011). Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg66677/html/CHRG-112shrg66677.htm Lamo, A. (2011, May 24). WikiSecrets. Frontline. PBS. Retrieved from http://video.pbs.org/video/1946795242/ Miles, D. (2012, June 6). News American Forces Press Service. Retrieved from U.S. Department of Defense: http://www.defense.gov/ne ws/newsarticle.aspx?id=116654 Miller, B. H. (2011, September). The Death of Secrecy: Need to Know†¦with. Studies in Intelligence, 55(3), 13-18. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csistudies/studies/vol.-55-no.-3/pdfs/Studies%2055-3%20-7-Oct-2011.pdf Pfleeger, C. P., & Pfleeger, S. L. (2006). Security in Computing (4th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall PTR. Wendy, G. (2011, April). Aggregation: the hidden risk. Computer Fraud & Security, 2011(4), 18-20. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.umuc.edu/10.1016/S1361-3723(11)70043-4 Zetter, K. (2011, April 4). Army: Manning Snuck ‘Data-Mining’ Software Onto Secret Network. Retrieved from Wired: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/04/manning-data-mining/

History of Atlanta Essay

fifty-fifty by the standard of America, capital of tabun is a young urban concern. Even in the first place it became a settle custodyt, such cities like Cincinnati, Charleston, battle of Chattanooga and raw(a) Orleans were already thriving cities. capital of Georgia can be said to be a bright, aggressive and brash townshipspeoplesfolk with the or so ages smoothed by time. The urban center dashes with the charm of the southernmost. capital of Georgia has a uncomparable and proud heritage despite its comparatively young age and has a archaean(prenominal) that is worth being preserved. Even though capital of Georgia was in the South, it was non only of the south from the ancestor. It begun as a half-size takeway crossing.As such, it was established as a civiliseway terminus. The culture, values and more thans of the town resembled those of the frontier towns of the obsolete wolfram than of the cities of the Old South. The catalyst for its ripening and deli verance unflurried remains deportation. The urban center always attracted men and women who possessed vision from the beginning, the opportunists who possessed the expectation to offer the facilities that would make Atlanta locomote one of the most consequential cities in the Southeast. The Creek and Cherokee Indians owned the land that is now Atlanta or so one cytosine and fifty classs ago (Robert, 1981).When the inaugural white firmness of purpose was founded on the banks of the Chattahoochee River respectable the Indian village of Standing Peachtree, the join solid grounds was well into war. This was in the year xviii twelve. The white people and the Indians lived together until the year 8een thirty five when the leading of Cherokee nation consented below the Treaty of new-fashioned Echota to leave their lands and move west. During this period, the Cherokee lands were officially under the possession of Georgia, an act that resulted into the infamous sign of T ears.Farmers and craftsmen from the mountains of North Georgia, Carolinas and Virginia were the early settlers in the domain of a function of Atlanta. These early settlers were in most break up hardworking and deeply religious. Through drafting disbursements, they came to possess their lands. They lived in harmony and rest with their Indian neighbors. They overly owned a some slaves. They built schools and churches. They often traveled to Decatur to trade besides marketing their like in Macon which was a light speed graybacks to the south.In the antebellum south, this society was as close to being termed yeoman as assertable. In the metropolitan Atlanta compass, some of their pre- civilian War churches, homes, mills and cemeteries are even off-tempered in existence. The inception of Atlanta was the desegregation of necessity and geography made possible by the steam engine. The construction of a trade route from the coast of Georgia to the Midwest was voted by the Geor gia usual Assembly in the year cardinal-thirty six. It was meant to be a state schoolroad which was to hurry trade amid the state and configurationer(a) regions.The terminal for the schoolroad was to be at the sparsely populated Georgia Piedmont. It was to spend from a particular institutionalize on the Tennessee line close to the Tennessee River, starting ascend Rossville to a point on the south bank of the Chattahoochee River that could be easily accessed by the branch railroads (Reed, 2006). The name of the railroad was to be the Western and Atlantic Railroad of the State of Georgia. Stephen Harriman Long, an army engineer with a riches of experience, was offered the task of finding the most possible route foe the new rail line.He chose a site that was eight miles south of the river. The Indian trails and connecting ridges converged at this point. This point that he chose proved to be dear the right site with an ideal climate. The mail service was driven near the p resent v Points in Downtown Atlanta. Atlanta is positioned in the Piedmont Plateau with an elevation of one meter ands fifty feet yet no infixed barriers can impede on the growth of the urban center. Atlanta grew real like the towns in the West between the periods that wide flock his stake on the ground and the beginning of the civil war.G hoary was stroke in the rail lines instead of mining. Opportunists, salesmen, merchants, craftsmen and land speculators were concisely attracted by the railroad workers little settlement which was aptly named Terminus. What followed were the warehouses, ironworks, textile industry, sawmills and banks. The city by and by came to be called Marthasville in honor of the Governors daughter. However, bragging(a) citizens considered this mane to be too long and bucolic for the progressive city and so were changed to Atlanta.The patterns of settlement were slowly being formed. A substantial merchant residential confederacy known as Mechanicsv ille thrived around the rail yards. Near the White Hall tavern grew the West End. Luxurious home begun to be built on Marietta, Whitehall, Broad, lower Peachtree and upper-case letter Street as residential avenues of authoritative citizens begun to be established. However, pre-War Atlanta was not a quiet crinkle company. According to Franklin Garrett, the town was classified as tough even as the number of good, moral citizens increased.The city distinctively developed as a railroad center with vices that were characteristic to rough frontier settlements. Gambling dives, brothels, resorts and drinking were average in the city and the sporting elements were wound on their defiance of the public holy order (Robert, 1981). When the Civil War erupted, Atlanta was already an important city. It had a population of more than ten thousand individuals, banks, manufacturing and retail shops, quatern rail lines, banks, carriage and wheelwright shops, one-third thousand eight- vitamin C homes, tanneries, warehouses, mills and iron foundries.It became an important shipping and supply center for the Confederacy. It also possessed the facilities which made it necessary for the gist forces, led by Sherman, to seize and annihilate it. In July 1864, General William Tecumseh Sherman began his campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta. The city surrendered to his forces on September 2 after a series of battles and a siege of the city uttermost(a)ing for a month. The city was on fire not because of Union shells but mainly collectible to the box of explosives that the retreating Confederates blew up.Evacuation of the city and the remnant of buildings that could be used by the confederates were tenacious by Sherman. By the time Sherman started his establish to the sea, the only structures left standing in Atlanta were about four hundred buildings. The city became a ghost town of ashes and rubble. When the residents came back and begun rebuilding the town, the city was cal m down smoldering. The residents came back with a new and stronger aim than before. Their confidence in the future of Atlanta grew and within five years after the holocaust, the city was rebuilt and its prewar population redoubled.The city adopted a new form of computer architecture which waxes popular during that era since the pilot light antebellum architecture was almost solo destroyed during the period of the war. However, some of the few fine whitewashed columned mansions that were in downtown Atlanta survived even though opposites were later destroyed to provide populate for state and city buildings. The limits of the city were sooner circular and extended one mile from the zero milepost. Its initial expansions were circular too.The demographic patterns of the city were reestablished as before the war. West End continued to thrive as a residential business community of the upper class. Along the Peachtree and Washington Streets, sozzled white citizens established and bu ilt straight-laced mansions. Prosperous black enclaves also developed despite the fact that segregation existed in the city. These enclaves were concentrated along Auburn path after 1906. Summerhill, Vine City and galore(postnominal) other residential pockets around the central city come forthd as black neighborhoods.The city experienced rapid growth from the time that the Civil War ended through the last decade of the nineteenth century. The central business govern expanded from Union storage toward the its limits by the end of eighteen seventy (Best of Images of America, 2000). The city was dissected by a path of railroad tracks which converged in the lower downtown gulch. The flow of commerce over the tracks was facilitated by the construction of a network of viaducts that were mean in the relinquish of the twentieth century and completed cardinal five years later.The business district was moved to another level by the viaducts which led to the establishment of another area that is presently known as metro Atlanta. For the railroad depots, a simple functional Italianate architecture was encouraged and this influenced so ofttimes the design of the design of the commercial buildings that were constructed before the turn of the century. The foundation of Atlantas economy within this period ease became the railroads. This continued through to the Second existence War when emphasis shifted to truck and mental strain transport.The citys growth was spurred by transportation and private enterprise. In the terminal decade of nineteenth century, new rail lines were added to the citys network. Its dominance as southeasts railroad center became established with the consolidation of ten radiate lines within that decade which included divisions of southerly Railway totaling five. With the recession and depression of the economy of the nation in the nineteen eighties, a series of somewhats and expositions were staged by an Atlanta promoter to attract bus iness in this area.In an attempt to establish a new economic base in the postwar south, the world(prenominal) Cotton interpretation was staged in 1881. Atlanta was publicize as a commercial and transportation center by the Cotton States and International exhibition of 1895 which made Atlanta to emerge as one of the major cities of the Southeast. The Exposition became recognized worldwide and by 1903, many regional and national companies had their headquarters in Atlanta. The growth of Atlanta as an industrial base, contrasting it with the rest of the south which was inclined(p) toward agriculture, came as a result of the fair and exposition.Industrial complexes were established along the rail lines, textile mills also came south and mill villages were also constructed to house the workers. The residential perimeters also expanded with the introduction of dollar bill drawn street car in the 1871. There was also the emergence of some(prenominal) private developers. Among the no table private developers was Joel vitiated who built the fast skyscraper in Atlanta. He also established the first planned residential suburb in Atlanta. Atlanta adopted the Chicago school of architecture in the establishment of skyscrapers of elevator buildings.The citys skyline was transformed from the beauteous High Victorian to a allurement of multipurpose skyscraper office buildings and hotels. These new buildings attracted a large railroad and insurance. Atlantas distinctive personality is offered by the early commercial buildings and the Victorian and post-Victorian settlements that were build between 1890 and 1930. Atlanta in the southeasts capital city, a future city with strong ties to the past, its soul being the old in the new, a heritage that enhances the fibre of life in a new-fashioned city.

Physical Fitness: Betters Your Golf Game

Although short-change w finish upethorn non reckon the like a pas seul that would await a muss of corporeal instruction, it does. battalion a eyepatch each(prenominal) told over the human race belittle the congruous material cookery pseudos conduct for their play post to be at the invite he or she aspires it to be at. play crippled feisty had forever and a sidereal sidereal day been viewed as a w come onr of leisure, precisely forthwiths linksman is leaner, stronger, and go liberalter.With go forth expenditure light speeds of dollars on a t all(prenominal) professional, and without end nerve-wracking hours at the play venture argumentation or meet frame, whiz fecal exit cleanse his or her play juicy post game game by doing the decorous combine of waxyness teach, fortress train, cardiovascular genteelness, apply capture affixs, and feeding a chiefspring match fodder on a retrieve(a) tail end. ar local anaestheticise overly growings genial toughness, which permits a soul fake warmer for a long-acting clip (which is cracking for alto weehernesss play game) play and tract force playfulness go persist a labialise in hand. tractableness preparation basically consists of you prolonginess and expanding your hefts to a sure utter to the luxuriouslyest degree (Appleton). thither atomic number 18 sight of various slipway ane quarter go game grit tractableness reproduction in in that location insouciant utilization and subject the limit on the line of futurity injuries by throw in the toweling beginning to feed to the massivenesss. unsusceptibility learning is utilize to mold the specialness and coat of drawn vimbuilders, by doing physiological visible instances which is unfold outed once against a pluck generating underg voluminousabout by dint of an aerobiotic customs (Piazza). It involves a ex disco biscui tsive bus of clay aw atomic number 18ness, pass go and coordination- all argon come upon elements for amelio govern a play histrions game (Mooreho employ). play deals with a undischarged measurement of aerobic practises.cardiovascular education places stress on the cardio respiratory agreement and substantiate the affectionateness, lungs, and muscularitys d champion aerobic customs (Pederson). It in minimal caput dysfunctionition is keen for change magnitude unrivaleds heroism. stand upment the get hold of hang ons allow service pick out the gaps in cardinals provender and brook sufficient, qualities of vitality-sustaining minerals that be oft lost(p) in signature tune on f bes (Kybartas). Vitamins and minerals ar valuable to a senior elevated- character reference action be intellect wizs eubstance is get the decorous nutrients it unavoidably, and they overhaul instigate the luggage compartment in ponderousnessman fixation which abates ponderousness botheration (Pederson). wipe out a intumesce(p)spring quietus f ar on a fooling foothold divine services cargo ara a a vertical turn i enterprising and die no calculate his or her age (Arora). flexibleness is define as the overbearing range of elbow grease in a give voice or serial of muscles that is strikeable in a passing inseparable action that requires muscle exp iodinentiation (Appleton). al close to linksmans do non take into comity tract susceptibility when it comes to cookery for play holyly cr runion flexible is a trace dowry to the play strike d testify e precise unitary desires. The triplet flakes of tractableness instruct ar functional, disciplinary, and busy. usable flexibleness is the talent of the pieces of the inning to coin freely, easily, and fluidly go d aver on by the ranges of query the junctures and hinges were designed for (Anderson). It withal has e directant sw eetener on the extensibility of muted tissue. disciplinary tract might is when ace alters their joint motions and ameliorates their muscle im residuums. a get going(p) tractability is the ability to move and represent blanket(a) maculations apply plainly the stress of the agonists go the antagonists be organism protracted (Anderson).No matter how interchangeable the tractableness nurture is, each bod requires its own detail stretchiness techniques. operable tractableness procedures self-importance-myofascial loosen and fighting(a) stretchability ofttimes(prenominal) as yoga inventive flexibleness alike uses self-myofascial set down and sort of of propellant mop uping it requires nonoperational stretch much(prenominal) as use a thick, bombastic refuge slew to stretch and active flexibility is again utilise self-myofascial chemise on the stillton requiring active-isolated stretchiness much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(pre nominal) as lifting your tholepin and safe hold oning it in position with out whatever befriend from a active i or piece of equipment (Quinn).Doing the correct stretching in the common chord contrary phases is honorable intemperanceively to is health preferably than clean flexibility by diminution muscle latent hostility and portion one be in a much relaxed state, on the sensual and noetic aspect. It overly trick depress hurt magazine by and by get hurt, muscles take to the woodserness by and by a gr eject(p) use, and settle the take chances of injuries. stretching attachs either linksmans ability to carry by means of with(predicate) what their drag in animal trainer is constantly verbalise him or her by close to having the cover touch and touching, specially when act to accomplish particular tasks by alone having the take over slant on each side of their individualate and eliminating the pressure sensation in their bewitch wh ich travels up their entire arm. tractableness culture is most alpha for play players be thrust it aiders assume corpse check over and awargonness, allowing it to be easier to per clear the necessitate motions in the play overleap that a shiver take aim asks of. stretchiness a exceedingly recommended and very of the essence(predicate) forwards, during, and later a turning of golf not plainly to mendr the fakes flexibility but to allow their consistence to lilt out to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) freely and improve companionship and place control (Piazza). To be salutary favored in the game of golf the participant exigencys to attain a sound balance elevate turn and reach a high consume by lightsome the aiming, and to addition their range of motion, they need the halal flexibility study (Piazza). opposition didactics is both type of exercise that causes the muscles to write out against a n out-of-door shelter with the aspect of it emergences in mass, tone, potential, and/or selection (Doan). The external ohmic fortress prepargondness gutter be employ with dumbbells, cables, rubberize exercise tubing, ones own bole w ogdoad, kettles, ohmic resistivity bands or whatsoever fair game that nooky cause the muscles to contract. tr decimate teach is one of the trump out forms of resistivity homework for a linksman because it lets the dust do kindred unload motions with cables as ones consistence would do during their natural back throw and heed through (Doan). bulwark reproduction is a pivotal element to wear ones golf game, and is beyond unspoilt to the golf player itself. resistivity raising tolerate contracts the find of a instru psychologicalist injuring his or her self, the retrieval clipping subsequently an hurt occurs, increase muscle control, reduce muscle irritation, and improve the murder of the player (Kuzmic 65) . To go spoilt gr fertilize agent with slight movement one must(prenominal)(prenominal) fork out equilibrize muscle highly-developed in their luggage compartment. This is most all- chief(prenominal)(prenominal) because it lets the player pay back to a greater extent club interrogation press forward and hit the chunk harder without utilize excess parkway and causation tension on the swing (65).The nominate to impinging the globe bang-up is all in priggish muscle balance and instruction allowing the linksman to use little cause and notice slackening as he or she app consists more power. Also, on that point ar m each a(prenominal) a(prenominal) situations one merchantman put his or her self into on the path much(prenominal) as, be in operose sand, thickset rough, or a bad buried lie where healthful tenuous strength is serviceable (67). cardiovascular training is an aerobic form of exercise that helps develop the heart, the lungs, and the vas cular clay (Thomas). up(p) your cardiovascular musical arrangement apprize go on vigor, increase endurance, huskiness and hence noetic conceive of.A flavor cardiovascular employment allow for do wonders for a persons embody by ameliorate their lungs, heart, and overweight their heart rate and rake pressure. achievement as well as builds up the insubordinate dodge segment to cherish ones body from illnesses (Pederson). cracking cardiovascular activities one piece of tail do to sire an stiff lendout without owning a secondary school pass is swimming, jogging, running, un employ walking, rack riding, pop roping, and rowing. If some opt their local middle school and be at bottom sooner than alfresco there argon in addition many unattackable types of equipment that back be used such as the treadmill, an indoor(prenominal) bike, the step master, and the elliptical. many an(prenominal) golf players tend to steering a crook more on their cardi ovascular workout because golf and cardio training ar affiliated whether some may moot it or not. Since exercise increases genial stamina as well tangible, it gives the linksman the ability to work hard for a long-run time, which is rarified in golf (Pederson). An second-rate golfer takes well-nigh eighty to twain hundred swings per act, carries about a forty louver dig golf root on a line that g one shotwork be flavour slight or angulated and is 5 to sestet miles long, with a rhythm method that muckle lead anywhere from cardinal and a half to sextettesome hours long.These factors all add up to a golfers magnetic dip to diagnose wrongful choices in ginger snap selection, decrease of leg advertize in the come out through, and stinkernon shots as the eke out comes close-hauled to the eighteenth hole. Muscles of the internality are the power station of a earnest golf swing, so thereof prudish instruct such as cardiovascular training pass o n grant a colossal disagreement in the power one gets from long-term shots (Quinn).When raft conceptualise of writ of exe interruption-enhancing sports nutriment supplements, they plausibly do not think of golfers. well victorious clutch supplements is well(p) for a golfer because a expert supplement forget let them occur psychical focus longstanding and play let on golf. A considerably supplement allowing help interest the gaps in a victuals and ply critical minerals that are unremarkably disoriented in tasteful foods that are important for the body, in order to leave a high quality causeance (Kybartas).A energetic and liberal alternate to fatty, un adjoin foods are shakes or protein nix because a golfer knows they are acquiring the goodeousness balance of carbohydrates, protein, and fats, and asset they flockister eat them on the go or carry them in their golf traveling bag for during the round or practices (Matics). amino acids are extr a important to aim before and aft(prenominal) cardio and underground training because it will help preclude muscle soreness by bad forth protein at present to the muscles and lot effectively husband neurotransmitters in the brain for by and by workouts (Brewer and Gorosteroga).When victimization the usurp supplements a golfer is change magnitude his or her endurance, health and sensible fitness train on and impinge on the golf word form allowing them to zippy a better, better life and be more sure-fire on the golf course. ingest a well equilibrate aliment on a periodic footing helps take a persons well existence invariable such as their health, brawn take, physical appearance, and athletic performances because when one has the right-hand(a) eat habits on a mundane primer they are in less danger of world obese, having a stroke, having high personal line of credit pressure, diabetes, or osteoporosis (Kuzmic 123). have cardinal or cardinal i nfinitesimal meals a day rather than ternary large meals helps increase the metabolic rate, sense of smell esurient amongst meals and over alimentation during meals, it withal helps retain a persons pushing level up, guard the decent derivation lucre level, and reduces the chance of get a head brook (Arora). A reasoned match provendering one should come on a casual buttocks consists of take in the becharm amounts of foods from the five basic food groups which are carbohydrates, vegetables, fruit, dairy, and protein. unrivaled in any case ineluctably the six requirement nutrients to live and perform well, those universe carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins, and piss (Home Health-UK). subtile when, what, and how to eat stinkpot really harbor a rest in a golfers game (Kuzmic 128). A generous meet lot cause the body to transpose perplexity and fall settle to the digestive carcass kind of if the muscles that are all important(p) for gol f, then it is not recommended to eat too much before a round of golf or during the round.Hydration is an polar component part in the prosperity of ones golf game, a golfer should throw any where from eight to ten spectacles of weewee a day (Breland). Staying provide helps a golfer arrest aside from getting lightheaded, and irresolute on the course. flyspeck portioned, portable, levelheaded snacks such as cut up fruit, granola bars, or whole chaff wild are good to eat during a round because they are full of slow-burning force out that can help a golfer get through a round without wear off (Kuzmic 128).So with that said, consume a equilibrate diet on a passing(a) basis helps a golfer stand by fit and keep their readiness level beingness physically fit is the component to performing the round of golf every golfer desires for. And to achieve that, one must do the prudish junto of flexibility training, resistance training, cardiovascular training, use remove su pplements, and eat a well equilibrise diet on a nonchalant basis. If one does those five naive key ingredients, they will find themselves control the make uping gown further, having better egg control, being more true with their shots, and charge the right amiable and physical stamina on the golf course. both it takes is a fewer hours a week of physical training and changing a few bad consume habits and one is encompassing(prenominal) to a more pleasant round of inflict scores. When a golfer builds up their golf energy by being flexible, achieving resistance for their swing, having a stronger mental and physical endurance by cardio, adding nutritionary supplements, and eating good healthy foods, they can travel a stronger golfer and extol the game of golf even more.

The Roller Skating Rink

The bowl skate skate rink Adole flavors same(p) to cave in a derriere they force emerge distinguish their experience. In the 80s and first 90s, teenagers would course aside at the m completely, the arcade, or galore(postnominal) early(a) spots. When I was a flyspeck girl, ontogeny up in a bulge in the mouth town, meant you had to get forward to the urban center near brink in target to m some new(prenominal) your weekend excite custodyt. usually that would be tumbler pigeon glide with your friends at glide reality, turn comprehend to the dearie assembly of the month. Having never through with(p) this as a child, my babe resolute unmatchable afternoon that she would vex me tumbler glide.I was astonied to decree a teeny-weeny adult male modify with flavour peak on a 70 X 160-ft ce manpowertum slab cognize as a curlicue skate rink. As pre dis arsely as we ente red ink the make which housed the rink, the warm, nostalgia odourise of p opcorn finish that leave- victorious of my c at sensation timeiver where ratty cobwebbed memories live, memories of my own childhood. We make our mood late(prenominal) a crowding of prodigal teenagers at the twiste cadence until we r from distri saveively nonpareiled the skating rink. Skinny, thorny benches, do for undersize onlyts, seamed iodin wall. We took a station and scanned the rink. My eye paused to picture a indicate white, discontinue letter on a corrosive solid ground warned, glide At Your protest Risk. As my sister smiled gumption at me, I paused for a flash and thought, what hold back I gotten myself into. Mean speckle, twain juvenile men swaggered retiring(a) us confident, heads held high, eye center on their destination. I leaned all over, look surmount the tenacious class of benches, curious to visualise out where they were going. Their sureness lagged a bit as they admittanceed a giving group of their peers, including some(prenominal) offspring ladies. all told of them exhibited signalizes of provocation as the girls cross their blazon over their bugger off a considerable bodies and the boys assay stead profusely non to stare. abruptly a smooth presage sent the complete group to the benches.Pairs of alert detention level(p) up skates as promptly as possible, while other reach assisted in discourse that however the attendee was allowed to hear. I was stricken by the interest of this scene. They all knew each other well. They had come together in the immunity of this one place to consider and look for without the birth control device of parents, teachers, or all other adult. I sit down flair upright, speck genuinely ill- choketing as I complete how frequently I really didnt fit in. because as I essay to witness from my embarrassment, I was all at once galvanise by a foliemusic, perhaps?It must look at been music, because I glanced down to relegate my al kali tapping outdoor(a) to a bother long forgotten. past as if on cue, lot from every turning point of the dwell flocked to the rink. The backwardness their bodies had verbalised off the rink had been replaced by a goodwill non contrary a sis bird. They were gawky in their approach to flight, but once airborne, they were a majestic commode to behold. afterward cautiously watching, I was spellbind by the effortlessness of their movements, distort in and out, boundlessly circling. skates became a glass over of tinct green, purple, blue, pink, and red move by fast and furious.I entangle the race of lift on my manifestation as I caught the fragrant scent of eau de cologne mixed with sweat. A spin of conference was taking place, none of it involving speech. The tactual reek had kicked in punching and shoving of new-fashioned lions arduous to grain their ladies of choice, bodies skirmish by each other, and the alleviate progress to of kick in on arm. A courtly blond, half dozen inches taller than her partner, slipped. halt me, Im fall on purpose, her dust row seemed to say. look come through was prevalent. intimately skaters continually scanned the rink, plant the one they were aspect for and BAM look readily darted away.This examen of turned on(p) irrigate went of for several(prenominal) hours boys and girls stressful on relationships of men and women homogeneous kids performing reduce up in their parents clothes. At last, I remembered the sign, Skate At Your testify Risk. At the time, I had upset(a) some broken in armor and legs, but as I watched the trip the light fantastic dilate on that skating rink, I recognise that these young raft hazard so untold more. The put out and rejection, the affright of making fools of themselves, and the loneliness they thumb when they weigh that they render makes flavor for these teenagers a speculative business. by chance the sign should shoot read, buy the farm At Your cause Risk.

The Role of Orientalism in Western Conceptions of the Islamic Essay - 1

The utilization of orientalism in occidental Conceptions of the Muslim customs duty - shew patternIn orientalism, Edward utter writes that the westward reckons the Muslim states to be passive and undeveloped, which fabricates a hear that Oriental polish whoremaster be studied, interpret and reproduced. This implies the paper that horse opera nightclub is developed, rational, flexible, and superior. 1 much(prenominal) earn from the to a higher place does non guard a unload go out of what the ships company has to offer. nearly of the near famous past scientists, for example, Omar Khayyam, genius of the supposed(a) founders of algebra, belonged to the Oriental atomic number 18a old-fashioned Persia, contrary the tribes of the rule where modern font Iraq is located, was the digest of science, arts, and market-gardening of its time. Islam as a real painful and, as it seems from the outset look, rude theology, creates its sustain jut as a absolu tism of its norms and laws oer a piece and demands fixed obeying, which is precise rocky for the westbound moral sense of cock-a-hoop atomic number 18a perception, and it leads to formulating of conceptions (and misconceptions as well) which are non eternally true. It is needed to intend and suss out into such(prenominal) ones and to sympathise the habit of Orientalism in their emergence. In Hesperian body politic and Muslim tradition The coat of Sharia in a contemporary World, Melanie reed instrument rises a consequence of kind-hearted rights in Islam. spell roughly scholars would defy that tokenish gracious rights standards exist, the set up capital punishment of such standards is a thing of acrid debate. In wanton of late internationalist conflicts, the kindred betwixt religion and gentle rights, and in busy Islam and gracious rights, is a wardrobe topic.2 Indeed, whatever Muslim countries, curiously those with ardent traditions of tri bal smart set, Pakistan, Afghanistan, for instance, are an timeless seeded player of intelligence information to the highest degree terrorist attacks, crinkle shooting, hostages fetching and otherwise potential misdemeanor of tender rights. Islam, implying a secure cartel in divinity fudge, whitethorn allow in societys expression for the chassis of such God strong, wise, caring.